Pathology for Toxicologists by Elizabeth McInnes

Author:Elizabeth McInnes
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781118755310
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Published: 2017-02-22T00:00:00+00:00

Chapter 6

Clinical Pathology

Barbara von Beust

Independent consultant, Winterthur, Switzerland

Learning Objectives

Understand haematology.

Understand clinical chemistry.

Understand urinalysis.

Understand biomarkers and organ weights.

Understand clinical pathology profiles in toxicologic pathology.

Clinical pathology is the study of diseases in animals by examination of blood, tissues and fluids; in the context of preclinical safety, clinical pathology focuses primarily on in-life variables, in contrast to anatomic pathology, which is the gold standard for end-point assessment. The most common tissue to use for the in-life assessment of test article-related effects is blood and its components, and this chapter will thus explain in detail the characteristics of this relatively easily accessible and dynamically changing, life-supporting fluid in traditional clinical pathology. Other body fluids, such as urine, cerebrospinal fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens can also be subject to clinical pathologic investigation, which in general measures analytes and other variables (Tomlinson et al., 2013). A compilation of nontraditional clinical pathology applications can be found in Jordan et al. (2014).

Other in-life variables that are important for the assessment of test article-related effects are very basic, and include food consumption and body weight gain or loss. Organ weights can also provide valuable information about the effect of a compound on a tissue at the time of the study end point.

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